Was known since antiquity and been first described from the 1st century A.D., it is seen nearly in all continent including 88 countries. It is endemic in tropical & neotropics; 500 millions are at risk for the disease, two million are affected and one million new cases annually.

   Despite its increasing world-wide incidence, C.L. known to be one of the so called Neglected disease especially in the aspect of financial donors, public health authorities, safer & cheaper available therapies.

   Its enormous ecological diversity has resulted in difficulties controlling the disease, neither sandfly control nor the control of reservoir are easy to apply which are expensive and un-affordable by most patients especially in the developing & poor countries.

   In addition, absence of successful vaccination as well as treatment failure, emerging drug resistance, relapse, side effects and contra-indications of the available mainstay drugs (antimonial derivatives…etc) are some of the commonly encountered distressing problems in the management of C.L.

   Leishmania genus is of group of flagellates protozoan parasites, they are hemo-flagellates member ofkintoplastides, here the DNA bound up into mitochondrion organel which is complex high-energy locusfor flagellate motility.